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Resumen Durante la menopausia se producen cambios metabólicos que favorecen la ganancia de peso y la obesidad abdominal, lo cual facilita el desarrollo de dislipidemias y aumenta el riesgo cardiovascular. El propósito del estudio fue comparar el perfil lipídico y los índices de riesgo cardiometabólico (IRCM) entre mujeres posmenopáusicas del Municipio Naguanagua, Estado Carabobo, Venezuela, clasificadas de acuerdo con su grado de adiposidad. El estudio fue de corte transversal, descriptivo, en el cual participaron 205 mujeres con una mediana de edad de 56 años. Se evaluaron indicadores de adiposidad: índice de masa corporal (IMC), porcentaje de grasa corporal (PGC), circunferencia de cintura (CC), e índice cintura/talla (ICT); así como el perfil lipídico y los IRCM. Se encontraron altos porcentajes de exceso de peso (80%), exceso de grasa corporal (92%), obesidad abdominal (61%) y riesgo metabólico de acuerdo con el ICT (69%). Las mujeres con obesidad mostraron los valores más bajos de cHDL, y aquellas con grasa muy alta, obesidad abdominal y riesgo metabólico de acuerdo con el ICT, los valores más elevados del índice TG/HDL. Se recomiendan otros estudios en este grupo poblacional para comprender mejor la asociación encontrada entre el grado de adiposidad y las alteraciones en el metabolismo de los lípidos con el fin de tomar acciones preventivas en estos trastornos relacionados con el síndrome metabólico.
Abstract During menopause, metabolic changes occur that promote weight gain and abdominal obesity, facilitating the development of dyslipidemias and increasing cardiovascular risk. The purpose of the study was to compare the lipid profile and the cardiometabolic risk indexes (IRCM) among postmenopausal women from the Naguanagua Municipality, Carabobo State, Venezuela, classified according to their degree of adiposity. It was a cross-sectional, descriptive study in which 205 women with a median age of 56 years participated. Adiposity indicators were evaluated: body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (PBF), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR); as well as the lipid profile and the IRCM. High percentages of excess weight (80%), excess body fat (92%), abdominal obesity (61%) and metabolic risk according to the WHtR (69%) were found. Women with obesity showed the lowest values of HDL-C, and those with very high fat, abdominal obesity, and metabolic risk according to the WHtR, the highest values of the TG/HDL index. Other studies are recommended on this population group to better understand the association found between the degree of adiposity and alterations in lipid metabolism to take preventive actions in these disorders related to the metabolic syndrome.
Resumo Durante a menopausa ocorrem alterações metabólicas que favorecem o ganho de peso e a obesidade abdominal, facilitando o desenvolvimento de dislipidemias e aumentando o risco cardiovascular. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o perfil lipídico e os índices de risco cardiometabólico (IRCM) entre mulheres na pós-menopausa do município de Naguanagua, estado de Carabobo, Venezuela, classificadas de acordo com seu grau de adiposidade. O estudo foi transversal, descritivo, do qual participaram 205 mulheres com mediana de idade de 56 anos. Foram avaliados os indicadores de adiposidade: índice de massa corporal (IMC), percentual de gordura corporal (PGC), circunferência da cintura (CC) e índice cintura/estatura (ICE); bem como o perfil lipídico e o IRCM. Foram encontrados altos percentuais de excesso de peso (80%), excesso de gordura corporal (92%), obesidade abdominal (61%) e risco metabólico segundo o ICE (69%). Mulheres com obesidade apresentaram os menores valores de cHDL, e aquelas com muito alto teor de gordura, obesidade abdominal e risco metabólico segundo o ICE, os maiores valores da relação TG/HDL. Outros estudos neste grupo populacional são recomendados para melhor entender a associação encontrada entre o grau de adiposidade e as alterações no metabolismo lipídico, a fim de tomar ações preventivas nesses distúrbios relacionados com a síndrome metabólica.
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Background: Menopause is a natural reproductive period that affects women's lives between the ages of 45 and 55 due to various physical and mental changes. It usually happens when a lady is in her late 40s to early 50s (Barkha D et al., 2018). Many women see the menopausal transition as distressing (The North American Menopause Society, 2016). Menopausal women in rural locations may experience higher physical, psychological, and social stress. They also have more medical issues and worse self-esteem than males. The objective of present is to measure the stress experienced by pos Objective: tmenopausal women living in rural areas of the Bhagalpur district of Bihar. A cross-sectional survey method is used to measure stre Method: ss level of postmenopausal women. total 100 postmenopausal women were selected using simple random sampling within the age range of 45-55 years. The level of stress was measured by using a structured self-administered schedule. The result of this study revealed that most pos Result: tmenopausal women (70%) reported severe stress levels, 28% had moderate stress levels, whereas only 2% reported low-stress levels. Alt Conclusion: hough this is a short study but it offers a beginning for the future mapping of stress levels on menopause timing. Researchers looking into the stress experienced by postmenopausal women can also use this knowledge.
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Objective: This study has evaluated risk factors, especially dyslipidemia, for an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based, observational, single-center study among 100 postmenopausal women admitted to the medicine ward with AMI. They were categorized based on lipid profile groups, viz., dyslipidemic group and non-dyslipidemic group. All clinical parameters were studied between the groups. Results: Among anthropometric profiles, in the comparison of mean height (cm), weight (kg), body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2 ), and waist circumference (WC) (cm) for the dyslipidemic group and non-dyslipidemic group, only WC was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Most patients were hospitalized between 6 and 12 h after the onset of symptoms. At the time of hospitalization, most patients from both groups were observed to have diabetes and hypertension with poor control of postprandial blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P < 0.05). The dyslipidemic group’s mean C-reactive protein was higher (P < 0.05). The comparison of mean total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in mg/dL, and TG: high density lipoprotein was significantly increased (P < 0.001), while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mg/ dL) was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in the dyslipidemic group. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is standard in both groups. The maximum patient has regional wall motion abnormality in echocardiography after day 3 of admission. Among the dyslipidemic group, ejection fraction was on the lower side, and the predominant complication was in the left ventricular failure (LVF) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: WC has a positive association with patients with AMI who have dyslipidemia and can be used as an indicator of the risk of AMI when BMI is normal. WC is a surrogate marker of abdominal fat mass (subcutaneous and intra-abdominal); increased WC is a significant component marker of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance related to cardiovascular mortality. There was poor glycemic control and blood pressure (mainly DBP) among the dyslipidemic patients. Hypertriglyceridemia is the most common lipid abnormality, followed by hypercholesterolemia among the dyslipidemic group. LVF is the most common complication in dyslipidemic patients.
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Objective:To explore the changes of bone turnover markers and geometric parameters of hip bone in overweight postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome(MS), as well as the influence of MS components. To analyze the association of these factors with the risk of fracture.Methods:A total of 505 overweight postmenopausal female patients who underwent health check-up in Lianhu Community Service Center, Danyang City, Jiangsu Province from January to December 2017 were selected. According to the MS diagnostic criteria of the International Diabetes Federation(2009), the patients were divided into MS group( n=331)and non-MS group( n=174). Blood samples were collected to determine the level of procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide(P1NP)and carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen(CTX). Bone mineral density and hip bone geometry parameters were tested with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and hip structural analysis software. Results:The incidence of osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture in MS group was significantly higher than that in non-MS group(21.1% vs 13.8%, 4.8% vs 1. 1%, P<0.05). However, the bone mineral density of lumbar vertebra 1-4, femoral neck, and total hip in MS group was significantly higher than that in non-MS group, which remained after adjusting for age( P<0.05), but the difference disappeared after further adjustment for body mass index( P>0.05). The P1NP, CTX, femur strength index(FSI), section modulus(SM), and cross-sectional area(CSA)of MS group were significantly lower than those of non-MS group, the buckling ration(BR)was significantly higher than that in non-MS group, and the differences were still statistically significant after adjusting for age and body mass index( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in bone mineral density of lumbar vertebra 1-4, femoral neck, total hip, P1NP, and CTX between fracture group and non-fracture group in patients with MS. But FSI, SM, cross-sectional moment of inertia(CSMI), and CSA were significantly lower, BR was significantly higher( P<0.05) and femur strength decreased in patients with fracture. Regression analysis showed that high BR was an independent risk factor for fracture risk, while high FSI, SM, CSMI, and CSA were protective factors. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that wasit circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose were the main MS components affecting bone mineral density, bone turnover indexes, and hip bone geometry parameters. Conclusions:Overweight postmenopausal MS patients had decreased bone turnover rate, femoral strength, and relatively poor bone quality. Hip bone geometry parameters can be used as one of the methods to assess fracture risk in MS patients. Waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose are the important MS components affecting bone mass and bone quality.
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Background: Menopausal health refers to the various biological, physiological, and psychological changes and imbalances that occur as a result of the severity of symptoms. However, low oestrogen production causes various changes and declinations in women, which manifest as menopausal symptoms. Objectives: Present study determines the prevalence of menopausal symptoms and associations between socio-economic, demographic and lifestyle variables among postmenopausal women in Assam, Northeast India. Methods: The study was undertaken on 300 postmenopausal women using stratified random sampling. A pre-structured interview schedule was used to collect relevant data on socioeconomic, demographic, and lifestyle variables, as well as menopausal symptoms and related self-reported diseases, through a household survey and interview methods. Results: The mean age of menopausal women was found to be 47.08±2.38 years. Change in sexual desire (96.33%), profuse sweating with hot flush (61.67%), hot flush (60.00%), pain during sexual intercourse (46.33%), difficulties sleeping (37.00%), and lack of energy (39.67%) were the most common menopausal symptoms. There were significant associations recorded between various menopausal symptoms and age, education, first pregnancy age, age at menarche, family size, family type, parity, age at menopause, physical weakness, family income, and house condition (p <0.05). Conclusion: Menopausal symptoms were found to be more prevalent, and to reduce the population's health-related threat, more awareness, knowledge dissemination, and assistance are required, particularly among rural women.
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Background: Well known facts for the rise in blood pressure, blood glucose, and cardiovascular diseases are the body fat mass that has become a major public health issue that correspond to health problems. Activation of sympathetic nervous system is directly proportional to body fat mass that results in an autonomic impairment. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to compare body fat mass indices and heart rate variability (HRV) (Frequency Domain) in high body mass index (BMI) postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: This research was directed on 104 postmenopausal women of age group 45–60 years grouped them into two. Group 1 having normal BMI (18.50–24.99) and Group 2 having high BMI >25.00 based on Asian’s classification for BMI. Approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee was obtained before beginning the study. Short-term HRV was measured in each participant by a 5-min frequency domain analysis. Results: Unpaired t-test was used to analyze all parameters of the study (control and study group). The result showed a lower level of parasympathetic and a higher sympathetic activity in the study group when matched against the control group. Conclusion: Body fat mass indices and HRV are inversely proportional in high BMI postmenopausal women and they more likely to suffer from cardiometabolic disorders in early.
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Background: The prevalence of cardio-metabolic disorders is highest among the elderly population and homocysteine (Hcy) is considered as a major risk factor. Vascular aging in women is exacerbated by reproductive aging in response to hormonal changes during the menopause. The present study assessed the levels of Hcy, Vitamin B12, folate, and examined their association with metabolic syndrome risk factors in menopausal women. Aim and Objectives: The objectives of the study were to examine the levels of Hcy, Vitamin B12, and folate and their association with various components of metabolic syndrome in menopausal women. Materials and Methods: We recruited a total of 300 women between 35 and 64 year from Bharati Hospital, Pune. They were classified into pre, peri, and post-menopausal groups according to their menstrual history. Results: Lower Vitamin B12 and folic acid and higher Hcy concentrations were found in peri and post-menopausal women as compared to premenopausal women. Women with metabolic syndrome showed lower micronutrients and higher Hcy compared to those without metabolic syndrome. An inverse association of Vitamin B12 with waist circumference (WC), diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides and HOMA-IR and inverse association of folate with fasting glucose and HOMA-IR were observed. A positive association of Hcy with WC, fasting glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and HOMA-IR was also seen. In a logistic regression model, metabolic syndrome was found to be independently associated with age and Hcy. Conclusion: This study reports elevated Hcy and low micronutrient levels in postmenopausal women. Hcy was found to be independently associated with metabolic syndrome risk in these women. Monitoring plasma Hcy concentrations with adequate B vitamin stores could be an effective strategy to minimize metabolic syndrome risk in middle aged women.
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Introduction: It is estimated that a total of 130 million Indian women are expected to live beyond menopause by 2015. Health of postmenopausal women is of growing concern because of increased longevity and various morbidities associated with old age. Objectives: 1) To assess various orthopedic problems among postmenopausal women in rural area. 2) To estimate magnitude of common orthopedic problems and associated sociodemographic factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the medical college hospital in rural area of Western Maharashtra on 500 postmenopausal women availing healthcare in a medical college hospital. Data was collected with the help of predesigned questionnaire by interview technique and with the help of case records available from orthopedic department. Results: Backache (62%) and osteoarthritis (51.6%) were common orthopedic problems. Osteoarthritis was significantly associated with obesity.
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Background: Epidemiological observations suggest links between osteoporosis and the risk of acute cardiovascular events. Whether the two clinical conditions are linked by common pathogenic factors or atherosclerosis per se remains incompletely understood. The reduction of bone density and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women contributes to elevated lipid parameters and body mass index (BMI). Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum lipid profile, BMI and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: A prospective analytical case control-study conducted in Khartoum north hospital at Khartoum city, capital of the Sudan from April 2017 to March 2018 after ethical approval obtained from the local Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medical Laboratories, Alzaeim Alazhary University on the committee meeting number (109) on Wednesday 15th February 2017. A written informed consent was obtained from all participants to participate in the study.Two hundred postmenopausal women were enrolled in the study. The age was studied in one hundred osteoporosis postmenopausal women as a case group and one hundred non-osteoporosis postmenopausal women as control group. The serum lipid profiles were estimated using spectrophotometers (Mandry) and BMI calculated using Quetelet index formula. The data were analysed using SPSS version 16. Results: The BMI, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL in case group respectively were (24.846±2.1647, 251.190±27.0135 mg/dl, 168.790 ±45.774 mg/dl, 50.620 ± 7.174 mg/dl, 166.868 ±28.978 mg/dl). While the BMI, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL in control group respectively were (25.378 ±3.8115, 187.990 ± 26.611 mg/dl, 139.360±20.290 mg/dl, 49.480 ±4.659 mg/dl, 111.667 ±28.0045 mg/dl). All serum lipid profiles significantly increased (p=0.000) in the case group compared to the control group, except serum HDL was insignificant different between the case and control group and also BMI was insignificant different between the case and control group. There was a positive Pearson's correlation between BMD and serum total cholesterol (r= 0.832, P<0.01), serum LDL (r = 0.782, P<0.01) and serum triglyceride (r = 0.72, P<0.01). Conclusions: Osteoporotic postmenopausal women had a significant increase in serum lipid profile and BMI. Moreover, we found a positive link between women with cardiovascular diseases and stroke
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Osteoporosis , Women , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal , Cardiovascular Abnormalities , SudanABSTRACT
Evidence has shown that women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a greater risk of cardiovascular complications compared with men, but this sex difference is not clearly understood. This study assessed the microvascular function and circulatory biomarkers in postmenopausal women (PMW) with T2DM compared with diabetic men and their non-diabetic counterparts. Sixty participants were divided into nondiabetic PMW, PMW with T2DM, non-diabetic men, and diabetic men. Microvascular function was assessed using non-invasive equipment (EndoPAT®) and reported as reactive hyperemia index (RHI). Anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters were also measured. Two-way ANOVA was performed using sex (women or men) and T2DM (non-diabetic and diabetic) as the two factors. RHI impairment (1.97±0.14) was detected in diabetic PMW compared with women without T2DM (2.5±0.13) accompanied by lower adiponectin levels (T2DM: 9.3±1.2 and CTL: 13.8±1.8 ug/mL, P<0.05). An increase in the Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML), nitrate/nitrite, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were observed in diabetic PMW compared to the other groups. Although a poor glycemia control was seen in diabetic men, neither RHI nor circulatory biomarkers were affected by T2DM. Multiple linear regression stratified by sex and T2DM identified some variables with RHI only in PMW with T2DM: HbA1c (P=0.003), body mass index (P=0.029), CML (P=0.032), and CRP (P=0.006). Diabetic PMW were more susceptible to the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia than men, showing microvascular dysfunction with high levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (CML and CRP) and a lower adiponectin concentration.
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Objective:To explore the risk of hip fracture, changes of composite indices of femoral neck strength and its influential factors in non-low-weight postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:A total of 626 non-low-weight postmenopausal women were selected and divided into type 2 diabetes group, pre-diabetic group, and non-diabetic group according to the diagnostic criteria of the American Diabetes Association in 2010. Each participant completed the questionnaire, physical examination, laboratory examination, and Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA) examination.Results:Hip fracture rate in T2DM group was significantly higher than that in non-diabetic group(3.4% vs 0.7%, P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed between pre-diabetic group and non-diabetic group(1.1% vs 0.7%, P>0.05). Bone mineral density(BMD) of lumbar spine 1-4, femoral neck, and total hip was comparable between T2DM group and non-diabetic group or pre-diabetic group and non-diabetic group, respectively( P>0.05). The composite indices of femoral neck strength in T2DM group was significantly lower than that in non-diabetic group( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between pre-diabetic group and non-diabetic group( P>0.05). Regression analysis showed that age and body mass index were the main influential factors of the femoral neck bone mineral density and the composite indices of femoral neck strength( P<0.05). Conclusion:The composite indices of femoral neck strength could be used as one of the markers to evaluate the risk of hip fracture in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Objective:To investigate the relation of two SNPs of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene E1317Q (RS1801166, G > C) and D1822V (RS45952, A > T) polymorphism with osteoporosis and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women.Methods:A total of 374 postmenopausal women who underwent routine physical examination in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from Mar. 2019 to Mar. 2021 were selected as subjects, and divided into normal bone mass group (103 cases) , osteoparrosia group (114 cases) and osteoporosis group (157 cases) . Bone mineral density was measured by a 128-slice spiral CT machine manufactured by Siemens. Clinical and bone metabolic indicators were recorded. Two SNPs were genotyped by capillary electrophoresis and fragment analysis (SNaPshot) . The relative expression level of APC gene mRNA was measured in quantitative real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction system.Results:There were significant differences in genotype and allele frequency distribution of APC rs1801166 and RS45952 among the three groups (all P<0.05) . For rs1801166 site, paircomparison results showed that the genotype distribution of the osteoporosis group was significantly different from that of the normal bone mass group and the decreased bone mass group ( P<0.05) . Allele frequency was significantly different between the two groups ( P<0.05) . For rs45952 site, pairwise comparison showed that the genotype distribution and allele frequency were significantly different between the osteoporosis group and the normal bone mass group ( P<0.05) . There were statistically significant differences in serum calcium, serum phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxyvitamin and bone mineral density between wild type and mutant type at rs1801166 (all P<0.05) . There were statistically significant differences in serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxyvitamin and bone mineral density between wild type and mutant at RS45952 site (all P<0.05) . There was statistical significance in the mRNA relative expression of APC gene in the normal bone mass group, the bone mass reduction group and the osteoporosis group ( P<0.05) . The mRNA relative expression level of APC gene in wild type at rs1801166 and RS45952 sites was significantly higher than that in mutant type (all P<0.05) . Conclusion:APC gene polymorphism is significantly correlated with osteoporosis and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women, and may affect the expression level of APC gene.
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Background: Menopause is an important time in women's life and it is a natural event in the process of aging. The onset of menopause heralds a time of diminished estrogen exposure, which may have both acute and chronic effect on health and quality of life.Methods: It was a cross sectional study, conducted for a period of 3months i.e. June to August 2018 among post menopausal women in 8 selected villages with a sample size of 247.Results: The common post- menopausal symptoms were joint and muscular discomfort, bladder problems, symptoms of dryness of vagina, physical and mental exhaustion. Factors like education, occupation, socio-economic status, marital status, parity, mode of delivery, age at menopause and BMI was related to one or more menopausal symptoms. Conclusions: Proper and timely intervention among post menopausal women will help to reduce the symptoms and lead a better quality of life.
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Background: Introduction-carcinoma of cervix is the commonest cancer in Indian women. It constitutes 14%of the total population above age of 50 years. Atrophic changes in the genital tract causes problems in Pap smear as well as in the colposcopy.Methods: This is prospective observational study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of SGRDIMSR, Sri Amritsar, which comprised 30 cases of postmenopausal women referred for colposcopy. Inclusion criteria were complaints of post-menopausal bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharge, post coital bleeding, an abnormal PAP smear, an unhealthy-looking cervix. Women with history of any surgery on the cervix in the past three months or with obvious cervical cancer were excluded.Results: Patient with age group of 44-70 years were included, and maximum number of patients had complaint of post-menopausal bleeding (50%). 9 (30%) patients were positive for malignancy on histopathology, while with 9 (30%) false positive patients on colposcopy. Problems encountered while performing colposcopy includes cervix flushed with vagina, atrophy of introitus, bleeding from the cervix and relaxed vaginal walls. Use of various corrective measures were helpful to overcome the problems of colposcopy.Conclusions: It is an essential part of cervical screening programme, but it has some limitations and pitfalls which can lead to error in the diagnosis.
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Ovarian fibroma is the most common sex cord stromal tumour of ovary accounting to 1-5% of all ovarian tumours. Minor sex cord elements in ovarian fibroma are a rare entity occupying less than 10% of tumour area. To the best of our knowledge only 20 cases has been reported till date. This case is presented because of its rarity. Authors reported a case of fibrothecoma with minor sex cord elements in a 70yr old postmenopausal women who presented with postmenopausal bleeding with abdominal mass.
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Abstract Aim: To evaluate the subacute effects of the number of Pilates exercise series (one and three) on the cardiovascular responses of medicated hypertensive women. Methods: Eight hypertensive and nine normotensive women underwent a Pilates session with low and high volume, and cardiovascular responses were measured. Aged sample of 50-65 years old underwent to anthropometrical measurements previously to the experimental procedures. The cardiovascular assessment was performed before and after every experimental session. The experimental procedures consisted of two familiarization sessions, load determination, and two experimental sessions (one or three series) for each group. Results: In the intragroup analysis, HR was found to be reduced in the normotensive group. In the hypertensive group, a reduction in the double product was observed after both Pilates sessions, and in the normotensive group only after the session with one series. The volume of exercises of the Pilates method did not interfere in the responses of systolic and diastolic BP after exercise. However, a more prominent area under the curve was seen in the systolic BP of hypertensive subjects who performed three series. Conclusion: The present study shows that performing one or three series of the Pilates exercise does not induce hypotension post-exercise and did not interfere in the cardiovascular responses of medicated hypertensive women.
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Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Postmenopause/physiology , Exercise Movement Techniques/methods , Muscle Strength , Hypertension/physiopathology , Anthropometry/instrumentation , Cardiorespiratory FitnessABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relationship between lipid metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Xinjiang. Methods A total of 136 postmenopausal women in Xinjiang were included and divided into four groups: normal glucose tolerance with normal bone mass group (control group, 26 cases), normal glucose tolerance with abnormal bone mass group (abnormal bone mass group, 28 cases), T2DM with normal bone mass group (T2DM group, 27 cases), and T2DM with abnormal bone mass group (55 cases). The age, height and other baseline data of each group were recorded. Blood calcium, blood phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured by Roche automatic biochemical analyzer. The BMD of L1- L4, femoral neck and hip joint were measured by dual energy X-ray. Results The age and menopause years of T2DM with abnormal bone mass group were significantly higher than those of the control group (both Z=-2.54, both P0.05). The fasting blood glucose (Z=-4.08, -5.87, both P<0.01) and hemoglobin (Z=-4.59, -6.33, both P<0.01) levels in T2DM group and T2DM with abnormal bone mass group were higher than those in the control group; the lipid metabolism index triacylglycerol in T2DM with abnormal bone mass group was lower than that in the control group (Z=-2.01, P<0.05). The BMD of L1-L4 (Z=-6.23, -6.84, both P<0.01), femoral neck (Z=-5.32, -4.30, both P<0.01), and hip joint (Z=-5.44, -5.00, both P<0.01) in abnormal bone mass group and T2DM with abnormal bone mass group were lower than those in the control group. After adjusting the influence of age and menopause years, the results of partial correlation analysis showed that L1-L4, femoral neck and hip joint BMD were positively correlated with body mass index (r=0.209, 0.623, 0.265, P=0.015, 0.002, 0.002) and triacylglycerol (r=0.298, 0.233, 0.273, P<0.001, P=0.007, P= 0.001), femoral neck and hip joint BMD were negatively correlated with HDL-C (r=-0.191, -0.200, P=0.027, 0.021) in 82 postmenopausal women with T2DM. Conclusion The elevated HDL-C and decreased triacylglycerol are associated with decreased BMD, which may promote the occurrence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with T2DM in Xinjiang.
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BACKGROUND: Xianling Gubao Capsule can reduce bone loss and promote the formation of osteoblasts. Its efficacy in osteoporosis and fracture has been preliminarily confirmed, but its efficacy in postmenopausal female periodontitis has not been clarified. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of Xianling Gubao Capsule on alveolar bone mass in postmenopausal women with periodontitis by cone-beam CT, providing an effective basis for its clinical use. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-five patients with periodontitis diagnosed and treated in the Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 2015 to April 2017 were enrolled. All patents were randomly divided into blank group (basic treatment), control group (basic treatment+vitamin D) and experimental group (basic treatment+Xianling Gubao Capsule), with 45 patients in each group. All patients received oral hygiene and health education, and were guided to brush their teeth correctly and self-control plaques. Basic treatments for periodontal disease were performed to eliminate plaque and calculus by cleaning and curing the gums, and smoothing the root surface, once 3 months for 6 continuous months. The control group received oral Calci-D (600 mg of calcium and 125 U of vitamin D per tablet), one tablet per day, for 6 continuous months. The experimental group was orally given Xianling Gubao Capsule 1.0 g/time, 3 times per day, 3 months as a course of treatment, for two consecutive courses. Cone-beam CT was used to detect the changes of bone mineral density and height of alveolar bone defect in all patients before treatment, 3 and 6 months after treatment. Ethics approval was obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine on May 29, 2015 (approval No. K2015-186). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the baseline, the alveolar bone defect height was significantly reduced in the experimental and control groups (P 0.05). The improvement of alveolar bone defect height and bone density was better in the experimental group than the control group (P 0.05). The alveolar bone defect height and bone mineral density of the patients older than 55 years had no changes (P > 0.05). (3) Alveolar bone defect height and bone mineral density were significantly improved in patients with mild and moderate periodontitis (P 0.05). To conclude, the treatment of periodontitis by Xianling Gubao Capsule can significantly improve the alveolar bone defect height and bone mineral density, and cone-beam CT can be used to evaluate its clinical efficacy.
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BACKGROUND: Resistance training has been shown to help improve bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. However, it remains to be studied whether the exercise mode, training intensity, training time, and training frequency of resistance training, and the combination with different modes (such as aerobic exercise) is better. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of resistance training on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials related to resistance training intervention on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were collected. Subjects were divided into resistance training group and blank control group. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang database were retrieved from inception to December 2019, and relevant references of included literatures were searched. Two researchers screened the literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and valid data were extracted for quality evaluation. The included literature data were meta-analyzed by RevMan5.3 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Finally, 23 randomized controlled trials were included. The risk bias evaluation results of the included literatures showed that the overall literature quality was above medium. (2) The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with the blank control group, the resistance training group had significant effect on the improvement of bone mineral density of lumbar spine [SMD=0.02, 95%CI (0.01,0.03), P < 0.000 1], bone mineral density of total hip [SMD=0.25, 95%CI (0.06, 0.44), P=0.03], bone mineral density of femoral neck [SMD=0.28, 95%CI (0.12,0.04), P=0.000 5], and bone mineral density of greater trochanter [SMD=0.02, 95%CI (0.00, 0.03), P=0.02]. (3) Resistance training is beneficial to maintain the bone mineral density level of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, and can be an important part of exercise therapy for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
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Background: In every women life this unique physiological phase that is menopause take place. In developing countries like in India most of women neglected their basic health care which poses the major public health challenges. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge, attitude towards menopause and its associated factors among postmenopausal women of urban slum; to explore the treatment seeking behaviour and the barriers for not seeking health care among these post-menopausal women.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted using multistage cluster sampling and house to house visit in randomly selected slums under the UHTC area of KIMS, Bhubaneswar. A pretested and predesigned questionnaire was used among 220 postmenopausal women.Results: The results of the study show that 60.9% of women have a heard about menopause before attaining menopause but 33.1% women attitude towards menopause is negative. Only 10% of study population were aware of HRT that it treats menopausal symptoms. We found that the awareness of cancer cervix was 19.1% but the screening was done only by 2.7% of study population.Conclusions: There is considerably lack of knowledge and awareness about the effects and the treatment of menopausal symptoms especially in rural and slum women in India. So, such studies help in creating awareness since disseminating health education for postmenopausal women is of prime importance.